Iso standards 11784

Compliance with the standards may require use of techniques which are covered by or claimed to be covered by certain patents. ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights. Other patent holders have assured ISO that they are willing to negotiate licenses under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants through the world. In this respect, the statement of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO.

Attention is moreover drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. In that connection, additional correspondences were received from two other companies not willing to forward pertinent declaration in accordance with the current ISO Directives.

Anonymous Not logged in Create account Log in. Hand W iki. From HandWiki. Namespaces Engineering Discussion. More More Languages. In a nut-shell these are: Transponder-based standard: where all manufacturers choosing to compete in a particular market manufacture transponders conforming to one set of specifications, utilising technology and protocols in the public domain.

Reader-based standard: where all manufacturers competing in a particular market cross-license their reader interfaces, so that each manufacturer can provide readers that read the other manufacturers' transponders. Companion animal user organizations, AIM USA and other user groups are supporting the reader-based standard to ensure that the existing installed base of microchipped animals is protected.

The essential requirement for RFID to do its job for companion animal identification is that positive identification of each animal must be assured. On a global basis this can only be achieved by unique, unduplicated ID codes. The uniqueness of the code numbers must be assured.

In both read-only and read-write systems, the code number must provide unique and positive identification of animals in the manner of a license plate number. The presence of duplicate code numbers compromises the integrity of the identification system. RFID with duplicate numbers provides very little in the way of improvement over existing identification methods for animals such as tattooing.

The existence of duplicate code numbers opens the way to rampant fraud and record-keeping problems. All relevant technology, including the interface and protocols, is placed in the public domain.

Interested companies can then manufacture transponders complying to the new open standard, without having to pay royalties or only minimal royalties, to the patent owner. Intended benefit: an unlimited number of manufacturers can produce transponders independently, without having to pay any royalties or only minimal royalties to patent holders. Permits multiple-sourcing of transponders and readers. Caveat: Without legal barriers to the uncontrolled use of the technology in the form of patents and trademarks there is no way to enforce compliance by various manufacturers.

The transponders can all be read by Destron readers and look exactly like Destron transponders. They are indistinguishable clones. Destron is programming from one end of the numbers spectrum and AVID, another manufacturer subscribing to the standard, is programming from the other end. It will be a while, but at some point the programmed numbers will begin to overlap and duplicates will begin to appear.

A third company has declared that it will sell Destron-clone transponders. They call this service the Designer Chip.

There will undoubtedly be further entrants if the market proves lucrative. Clearly, no "orderly" approach can be maintained under these circumstances. It is likely that duplicate numbers have already occured. The reason people want to use RFID in their pets is to make sure they can be identified for life. Therefore, the ID chip of a champion cocker spaniel should not be duplicated in a mongrel dog or in a goldfish.

The uniqueness of the ID numbers is essential for any national database concept to work. The presence of a multitude of manufacturers, all building transponders under a single protocol, opens the door to duplication of numbers, whether on purpose or by accident. Subsequently expanded to companion animals, the ISO "open standard" has been five years in the making, and is now in legal limbo.

Two companies have begun asserting patents in the market in a manner that is non-conformant to the ISO patent policy. It is doubtful whether, under these circumstances, the ISO "open standard" is a viable approach to standardisation. This problem, while well-known to the ISO officials, was never disclosed by them to the voting members prior to solicitation of their yes vote for the standard.

There are a number of other problems that would adversely impact implementation of the standard in its present form. Their recent demand, calculated on wholesale prices, was These demands should be of the utmost concern to user groups, because they would eliminate many potential vendors from the market at the discretion of the patent holders.

Patent Number 5,, and U. Patent Number 5,, Because there are no legal "teeth" in the form of patented technology , there is no means to interdict the production of unsanctioned transponders or to prevent their being imported into individual European countries.

The ISO "open standard" by its nature depends upon an honour code. It is susceptible to compromise by manufacturers, whose cooperation cannot be enforced. Chips can be ordered ex works, factory-programmed, with the desired ID number.

There have already been companies offering "made-to-measure," factory programmed ICs. These are ISO-compliant transponders which are field programmable by the user. Physically, they are indistinguishable from the factory-programmed IC. These can be programmed to the desired code number in the field, by the end user. This is the configuration which as a matter of fact was discussed in the ISO SC19, WG3 meetings as the preferred configuration, as it allows manufacturers to minimise the number of transponders held in inventory.

These can be reprogrammed as many times as desired. The code could potentially even be changed once it is implanted in the animal. Several such products are already on the market today or on the verge of being introduced. Some WMRM type transponders may mimic pre-programmed transponders, because they can be temporarily "locked," and accessed for reprogramming through the use of a password code known only to privileged users.

Left hind limb socket. Use a subcutaneous site in small chelonians, an intramuscular technique in large species as well as small species with thin skin. Hibernating species should be implanted several weeks before the end of their active season in order to allow healing before hibernation.

Subcutaneously on the left side of the neck, twice the length of the head from the tip of the nose. Note: special recommendations have been made for implantation sites to be used in particular applications. It is recommended that primates kept in cages should be implanted intramuscularly in the back of the right forearm so that the microchips can be conveniently read while the animal grips the bars of its cage.

Similarly, the recommendation is that big cats should be implanted in the shoulder region so that they can be read as they walk backwards and forwards while brushing against the bars of their cage. Such sites are different from implantation sites used by other operators. These sites should only be used in animals which, after implantation, will stay in one facility where the sight of the microchip is known to all operators and there is no risk of the microchip being missed by an operator failing to scan the unusual location.

An often-overlooked factor in reader scanner performance is the user. How the user cares for and applies the reader can dramatically impact on reader performance.

Fortunately, it is an area over which we, as users, have complete control, regardless of the manufacturer, and therefore can eliminate as a causative factor of poor performance. Ensure that the reader in use is compatible with the communication protocols in use in your geographic locale ie, forward and backward compatible.

Familiarize yourself with and follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding reader care and scanning technique. When evaluating for the presence of a microchip, scanning should begin at the standardized site of microchip implantation in that species and geographic locale. If a microchip is not immediately identified, scanning should encompass a larger area and be done in slowly expanding concentric circles. Some manufacturers recommend a figure-eight pattern.

Scanning should be done with the reader touching, or brushing, the animal's fur. Read distance can be slightly affected by the orientation of the microchip in relationship to the reader, and its impact will vary based on reader and microchip design. Fortunately, this rarely affects routine reader use. Although one cannot visualize the actual position of the implanted microchip relative to the reader during scanning, we can take advantage of this principle by slightly rocking the reader from side to side during the scanning process if the reader design allows.

To ensure that an implanted animal is identified, the scanning procedure should be done for a minimum of 10 seconds longer if possible and on two consecutive occasions before an animal is declared negative for the presence of a microchip.

If possible, repeat the scanning process using a different reader. Fortunately this is rarely necessary, being the exception rather than the norm. As mentioned earlier, all recognized implantation sites should be scanned. Battery charge is also important for portable, hand-held reader function. Ensure batteries are always fully charged and that the manufacturer's directions for battery care are followed closely.

Readers emit and receive electromagnetic energy and therefore can be affected by other electronic equipment or metallic objects. In this regard, shelters and veterinary clinics can be regarded as "hostile environments" due to the presence of computer terminals, fluorescent lights and stainless steel tables to mention a few.

Try to maintain a distance of at least one meter three feet from electronic equipment. Ideally, one should not scan on stainless steel tables and remember to remove metal collars from the animal prior to scanning.

All implanted animals should be scanned annually to ensure proper function and location of the microchip. Finally, all manufacturers and distributors provide support services for their products.

Check the reader's performance frequently for read rate and range using a microchip that has not been implanted. Don't risk the use of a reader if its performance is in doubt. Instead, call the manufacturer or distributor for hardware support. ISO and clearly define the bit content and communication protocol of microchips that adhere to these ISO standards.